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Employment Structure
and Collective Bargaining Under the IMF-managed Econimic System |
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August 18, 1998
KCTU Files a Formal Complaint to the ILO Against the Korean Government
For Violation of Freedom of Association
"Hyundai Motors Uses Redundancy Dismissal to Destroy the Trade Union"
"Kim Dae Jung Government Has 57 KCTU Leaders in Prison"
"No Trade Unionist Included in the August 15 General Amnesty"
Korean Confederation of Trade Union, on August 18, 1998, formally lodged a
complaint to the International Labour Organisation against the Kim Dae Jung
government for violation of the freedom of association. KCTU believes that
the government's failure to supervise the Hyundai Motors management, which
willfully included current full-time and elected union leaders in the forced
redundancy dismissal, constitutes a gross negligence that leads to a serious
of violation of the principle of freedom of association. Furthermore, the
arrest and imprisonment of KCTU leaders -- currently standing at 57 -- is
self-evident violation of freedom of association.
The Korean government -- formed by the recent electoral change which brought
the former opposition party into power -- continues to disregard the spirit
enshrined in the principle of freedom of association. Instead of
acknowledging the most basic labour right as a corner stone of social,
political, and economic system and process, the Korean government seems to
regard it as an unnecessary appendage which it hopes -- if possible -- to
ignore.
What has become clear is that while President Kim Dae Jung may not be as
blatant and insensitive as the previous dictatorial rulers who came from the
military, he lacks -- like them -- a firm philosophical commitment to such
principles as freedom of association and the respect for interaction of
groups which have differing views. This latent limitation and tendency
are -- unfortunately -- strengthened and legitimised by the economic crisis.
KCTU believes that our actions, while they are on the one hand responses to
the immediate impact of the economic crisis, they are at the same time a
part of the interactions -- undertaken in tension and context of conflict --
which will bring about the "development" in politics, society, and even in
economy which has been willfully -- and some times violently -- overlooked
or sidelined in the course of "economic development" pursued single-mindedly
by the previous government. KCTU is determined to make certain that the
current government does not repeat the mistakes of the previous governments.
1. "Termination of employment on economic grounds" used as a means to
destroy the trade union at the Hyundai Motors
The Government of the Republic of Korea, in failing to supervise the
management of the Hyundai Motors Co., which has included a number of elected
trade union officials in the 'redundancy dismissal' undertaken on July 17,
1998, has given an authoritative approval of a flagrant violation of trade
union rights.
The management of the Hyundai Motors delivered "termination" notices to some
1,600 workers on July 17, 1998. The termination notices were hand delivered
during a national holiday and weekend when workers were at home.
Originally, Mr. Kim Kwang-shik the current elected president of the Hyundai
Motors Workers Union (and a vice-president of the Korean Metal Workers
Federation) and other elected officials and a large number of elected union
delegates (shopstewards), and a large number of the members of rank and file
activists groups were included in the "termination" list.
Union officials originally included in the list were
* Mr. Kim Kwang-shik, the president of the union
* 25 other full-time union officers
* 89 elected delegates of the union out of the total 340 delegates
* 2 former presidents of the union
* 11 union officials at other union branches in the remote plants of the
company
* Over 70% of the members of rank and file union activists groups
Later the management withdrew 11 union officials -- including president Kim
Kwang-shik -- from the list. This left 15 full time union officials on the
list for "redundancy termination", together with 89 delegates and 11
officers of union branch offices. A total of 115 elected union officials and
delegates were, therefore, served with "termination notices". A total of 289
members of 5 major rank and file activist groups were also served with
"termination notices".
Altogether 404 active unionists were included in the redundancy dismissal
which will force a total of 1491 workers from their jobs. 27% of the workers
who were individually served with the termination notices are active union
leaders.
Full-time union officers, elected union delegates (shopstewards), union
leaders served with termination notice are
* 15 full time union officers
* 89 elected union delegates (shopstewards)
* 11 officers of union branch offices
* 2 formers union presidents
* 289 members of 5 rank-and-file activists groups within the union
The Korean Confederation of Trade Union believes the 'termination'
undertaken by the Hyundai Motors management is a calculated action to
destroy the union, which has become one of the most important trade unions
in Korea.
The fact that the current management campaign is aimed at destroying the
union is demonstrated by its refusal to respond responsibly to the proposal
made by the union for cost reduction.
The union proposal -- centred on working hour reduction plan -- included a
drastic labour cost reduction package, including wage cuts totaling 250
billion won (5 million won per worker) through a suspension of various
allowances and long term leave with partial wage (the remainder of the wage
partially compensated by fund to be created by the union). The new union
proposal follows its earlier contribution to cost reduction from the
co-sponsored 'voluntary early retirement' package in the previous months,
which facilitated the reduction of the workforce by more than 8,000
employees.
The total cost reduction to be obtained from the union's proposal -- if
added to the cost reduction obtained from the 'voluntary termination of
employment' by some 8,194 workers and the removal of some 10,116 workers
employed by in-house subcontractors (as of August 10, 1988) -- surpasses the
original cost reduction goal set by the management.
The management originally set a cost reduction target of 467 billion won to
compensate for 40.6% decrease in sales and operation. The cost reduction
from the departure of some 8,000 workers (directly employed by the Hyundai
Motors) amount to more than 259 billion won. Further cost reduction is
obtained by eliminating in-house subcontractors. The cost savings from this
is more difficult to calculate. The union has presented a cost reduction
proposal which will save some 300 billion won. The total cost reduction --
if the company accepts the union proposal -- (excluding the additional cost
savings from eliminating in-house subcontractors) runs to over 559 billion
won. This surpasses the original target set by the management by around 90
billion won.
The refusal to respond positively to the union proposal and stubborn
insistence on going ahead with force termination -- dismissal for economic
reasons -- makes clear that the real aim of the management lies somewhere
other than cost reduction.
In a recent newspaper advertisement in five major dailies, the Hyundai
Motors management stated that the company must undertake 'redundancy
dismissal' in order to demonstrate to the world that Korean companies are
capable of dismissing workers on economic grounds. In a recent current
affairs radio talk show on July 28, 1998, the representative of the Hyundai
Motors management stated "We must succeed in this redundancy dismissal --
even if it involves only 160 employees -- in order to prevent setting a
precedence that redundancy dismissal cannot be avoided if workers resisted
enough."
It has become clear that the forced termination of employment pursued by the
management is not grounded on economic reasons. Rather, it is motivated by
non-economic objectives as can be seen from the actions and explanations by
the management itself. The foremost reason, the KCTU believes, lies in the
management's aim to destroy the Hyundai Motors Workers Union which is one of
the most important member of the Korean Metal Workers Federation and the
KCTU itself.
The Kim Dae Jung government, apart from its authoritative approval of the
flagrant attack on the trade union activities by failing to correct the
redundancy dismissal plan which includes the sacking of elected union
officers, has also debilitated the trade union in fulfilling its
responsibility to defend the rights and welfare of its members by failing to
compel the Hyundai Motors management to comply with the legal provision that
governs the 'redundancy dismissal'.
The government has failed to encourage and supervise the Hyundai Motors
management to exhaust "every effort to avoid dismissal" as required by the
Labour Standard Act (Article 31 Paragraph 2). It cannot deny its complicity
in the Hyundai Motors management's refusal to take any significant effort to
avoid 'dismissal for managerial reasons' as can be seen by its refusal to
entertain the proposals for cost reduction presented by the union. This is
highlighted by the fact that the government, when notified of the Hyundai
Management's plan (on June 30, 1998) for 'dismissal for managerial reasons',
failed to advise the management to seek the assistance of the Employment
Insurance Employment Retention Assistance Fund which can be used to finance
various dismissal avoidance efforts. Companies can draw on this Fund --
which currently stands at around 1 trillion won -- for financial assistance
in undertaking working hour reduction, in-house skills upgrading training,
etc., as a means for employment retention.
The government's negligence to uphold the legal provisions calling for
sincere efforts on the part of the management is aggravated by its approval
of the management's plan to use the 'dismissal for managerial reasons' as a
means to attack, debilitate, and destroy the trade union. In doing so, the
Korean government -- as the state authority entrusted with the
responsibility to uphold basic trade union rights enshrined in the ILO
Conventions -- cannot escape the charge of committing a serious violation of
the freedom of association, the most basic of the universal standards
embodied in the ILO.
2. Arrest and imprisonment of trade unionists for legitimate trade union
activities
Currently 57 trade unionists, including Mr. Koh Young-joo, the General
Secretary of KCTU, are held in prison by the police and the public
prosecutors. Further some 200 trade unionists, including Mr. Yoo Deuk-sang,
the First Vice-President of KCTU and Mr. Dan Byung-ho, Vice-President of
KCTU and President of KCTU-affiliated Korean Metal Workers Federation are
wanted for arrest by the police with warrants of arrest issued against them.
The charges against them stem from the May Day rally on May 1, 1998 and two
general strikes organised by the KCTU on May 27-28, 1998 and July 14-16,
1998 (and strike actions at individual enterprises).
The May Day rally was organised by the KCTU to highlight the suffering of
workers from rampant mass dismissals and rapidly expanding job losses
leading to mass unemployment brought about by the acute economic crisis and
the unilateral structural adjustment policies undertaken by the government.
KCTU obtained prior permit for the mass meeting of workers -- attended by
some 30,000 workers from all over Korea -- and the street march in Seoul.
However, the police which had cordoned off the site of the mass meeting
obstructed the peaceful activities by harassing workers who were trying to
take part in the rally. Furthermore, the police fired barrage of tear gas
into the crowd participating in the mass meeting raising the tension even
before the mass meeting came to an end to begin the march. Once the mass
meeting finished, the KCTU members prepared to march on the footpath as
planned and reported to the police.
However, the riot police blocked the road and the footpath and prevented the
march from starting off. When more people from the mass meeting gathered to
begin the march, the riot police responded by massive barrage of tear gas
from multiple launching vehicles.
The KCTU members were forced to disperse and fill out into the street to
avoid the effect of tear gas. The continued tear gas barrage triggered a
clash between the more than 30,000 workers and the riot police as workers
tried to keep their ranks to continue with march.
The police provocation sparked off the latent anger and frustration of
people seriously threatened by the economic crisis and the government
policies -- informed by the International Monetary Fund prescriptions --
which brought about even further retrenchment of the economy.
The government responded to the police-provoked clash with warrants of
arrest against a number of trade unionists who reacted against the police
violence. As a result a number of unionists were arrested.
Later, in an agreement between the KCTU and the government representatives
on June 5, 1998, the government committed itself to withdraw all charges
against the people either arrested or wanted for arrest for the May Day
incident. The agreement came following a general strike launched by the KCTU
on May 27 and 28, 1998.
KCTU was forced to launch another general strike on July 14 for three days
to protest the failure of the government to honour the agreement made on
June 5. The strike, led by the members of the Korean Metal Workers
Federation, the Korea Telecom Trade Union, and the workers of five banks
forcibly closed by the government was, declared illegal by the government,
despite the fact that the individual unions which took part in the general
strike had complied with all the procedural conditions prescribed by the
law.
The government had absolutely no legal cause for declaring the strike action
of the unions affiliated to the Korean Metal Workers Federation illegal. On
the other hand, the strike by the Korea Telecom Trade Union can be seen as a
violation of the Trade Union and Labour Relations Adjustment Act which
defines the telecommunication industry as an "essential public services" in
which collective action is illegal.
KCTU cannot accept the government pronouncement because the relevant legal
provision on which it is based on is in violation of freedom of association
principle and the ILO recommendation that the telecommunication industry be
excluded from the "essential public services" list aimed at proscribing
industrial action in view of risks to life.
The government "criminalisation" of the two-day strike by the
telecommunication workers (July 15 and 16, 1998) was exactly what was feared
when the KCTU and the ILO Freedom of Association Committee found that the
Korean government's "essential public service" list was too broad, risking
the danger of unnecessarily limiting the right of freedom of association,
collective bargaining, and collective action.
Another ground for declaring the KCTU general strike is the legal provision
which recognises only those industrial actions and disputes between an
employer and employees at the workplace of the particular employer as
protected (Article 2, Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act). It
means that a union can only undertake 'industrial action' on workplace
specific issues. It means that a national trade union organisation cannot
take action on general economic and social issues, such as those
precipitated by social and economic policies of the government which may
affect all workers. The narrow definition of legitimate trade union concern
and action in defense of workers rights and welfare has long been seen as a
debilitating limitation on basic trade union rights.
The Korean government declared the July 14-16 general strike illegal and
issued warrants of arrest against some 140 trade union leaders.
As a result of the government's hunt against the trade union leaders, the
General Secretary of the KCTU was arrested on July 19, 1998. Some 57 leaders
and officers of the Korean Metal Workers Federation, the Korea Telecom Trade
Union, the Korean Federation of Public Sector Unions, and the Korean
Federation of Financial Institutes Labour Unions are arrested and held
either by the police or the public prosecutors. (See appendix 2)
On July 30, the KCTU reached an agreement with the government whereby the
government promised to minimise legal action against the KCTU unionists.
Despite the promise, the government continues to incarcerate the trade union
leaders, either by continuing imprisonment or threats of arrest. As a
result, currently 57 trade union leaders are held in prison, others forced
to seek refuge at the Myongdong Cathedral, while still many other local
leaders are hiding to keep at bay of the police dragnet.
The continued government harassment against the leaders has seriously
disrupted and disabled the proper functioning of the trade unions in times
of serious difficulty faced by the members in the context of worsening
economic crisis.
Conclusion
The current economic crisis necessitates painful restructuring process --
much of it to be borne by workers. The success of any restructuring requires
consultative process in good faith. But the action of the Korean government
seriously undermines the capacity of the trade unions to fulfil their role
as a defender of the welfare and rights of their members and their role as a
responsible partner in the restructuring process.
The government's blatant favouritism towards the employers is shamelessly
exploited by the employers, as can be clearly seen in the case of the
Hyundai Motors. The actions of the Hyundai Motors management and the
government destroys any ground for confidence. Rather, by targeting the
trade union officers for forced employment termination creates unnecessary
tension and conflict, which, then, can be used for even greater violence
against workers. This prospect is already quickly becoming a reality as the
government has already -- as of August 18, 1998 -- positioned some 12,000
riot police around the Hyundai Motors plant in preparation to break up the
protest action of the union.
Amnesty -- But Not for Workers
The attitude of the Kim Dae Jung government toward the labour and trade
unions has become clearer in the recent general amnesty to celebrate the
Liberation Day.
On this day, some 94 "prisoners of conscience" were released together with
other common criminals. And thousands of the former prisoners had their
deprived of civil rights restored.
The total number of people who benefited from the general amnesty runs to
thousands.
Some very notable "political prisoners", such as "Park Noh-hae", the
famous
labour poet and a leader of now defunct socialist movement organisation, and
some victims of fabricated spy cases, and students activists were released.
Other beneficiaries include former "Presidents" Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae
Woo -- released from prison some time ago -- who had their civil rights
restored. It means they now can stand as candidates in political elections,
allowing them to resume their active political life. People who had been
found guilty of corruption -- accepting bribes from business leaders in
return for favours -- such as President Kim Dae Jung's most-trusted
lieutenant Kwon No-gab were released. Furthermore, many chaebol heads who
were imprisoned for corruption, bribery, usurpation were also released.
The amnesty was, however, marred by the fact that it failed to release long
term political prisoners who had been held in prison for around 28 to 40
years. These people have been kept in prison because of their refusal to
sign "conversion" statement renouncing their political thought -- socialist,
communist, or pro-North Korea. Their release was again blocked by the
government insistence that they had to sign an "oath" to respect the law of
the Republic of Korea. The "oath" required them, to be specific, to respect
and comply with the National Security Law -- a law which is used frequently
to jail people for exercising their freedom of thought and expression. As a
result, 17 long-term prisoners who have been kept in prison ranging from 28
years to 40 years were excluded from the amnesty.
Another "blemish" in President Kim Dae Jung's amnesty is the fact that no
trade unionists held in prison were released. Furthermore, no trade
unionists who have been jailed before had their deprived civil rights
restored.
KCTU puts this question to the Kim Dae Jung government. What is that trade
unionists have done that is so bad and so wrong, so heinous that they do not
receive the treatment given to ordinary criminals or the former dictators
who were responsible for the death and suffering of so many people, or the
business "leaders" and the politicians who through their corruption,
bribery, and greed brought the country to ruins?
The absence of change in the attitude will mean that millions of workers
will continue to be regarded as second class citizens without any real
social, political, and economic citizenship. This sets the scene for ongoing
confrontation as workers will not abandon their aspiration and struggle to
win their just rights.
The current restructuring drive of the government is just the example.
Rights, welfare, and views of workers are totally ignored -- regarded as
nuisance which should be shoved aside. If any thought is given to workers,
it is only in passing second or third thought.
But trade unionists and workers did not even get a passing consideration in
the August 15 amnesty.
Appendix 1:
Hyundai Motors Workers Union Leaders Served with Termination Notice
Full-time Union Officers (15)
PARK Yu-ki, Executive Director, Planning Department
SUH Hyung-lahk, Director, Policy Department I
KIM Hee-hwan, Executive Director, Organising Department
SONG Woon Hwan, Director, Research and Statistics Department
JEUN Yong-kook, Assistant Director, Research and Statistics Department
JEUNG Deuk-kyu, Assistant Director, Publicity Department
PARK Byung-suhk, Director, Industrial Health and Safety
KIM Kwon-su Director, Solidarity Outreach Department
CHO Sung Director, General Administration Department
LEE Sang-yong, Director, Welfare Department
KIM Jae-young, Director, Organising Department
LIM Jong-seung, Director, Organising Department
KIM Chi-young, Director, General Administration Department
CHOI Byung-cheol, Director, Workers Cultural Activity
Union Branch Officers (11)
1. Asan Plant Branch
PARK Min-kyu, Director, Organising Department
KIM Hyung-seok, Chief Delegate/Shopsteward
KIM Seung-ki, KIM Il-shin
2. Jeunju Plant Branch
JEUNG Hyuk, Auditor
SEO Jeung-won, Chief Delegate/Shopsteward
SEONG Jong-min, KANG Mahn-seok, KIM Dong-kyu, KANG Myung-ho
JEONG Il-shik
Former Presidents of the Union (2)
LEE Hern-koo, YOON Seung-keun
Appendix 2:
Imprisoned KCTU Leaders and Major Leaders Wanted for Arrest
Imprisoned KCTU Leaders following the May Day and Two General Strikes
1. KOH Young-ju, KCTU General Secretary
2. PARK Joon-seok, General Secretary, KCTU Ulsan Regional Council
(Vice-President, KMWF-Hyundai Precision Industry TU)
3. CHOI Jae-ki, General Secretary, KCTU Masan-Changwon Regional Council
4. CHOI Yong-kook, Chairperson, Pusan-Yangsan Regional Council, KMWF
5. JEONG Yun-seup, Chairperson, KMWF Incheon-Pucheon Regional Council
6. KIM Myong-ho, Director, Policy Dept. KMWF Ulsan Regional Council
7. LEE Hee, Director, Publicity Dept. KMWF Ulsan Regional Council
8. KOOK Hyun-jong, Director, Organising Dept. KMWF-Lotte Machine
Engineering TU
9. KOH Hwa-sook (f), President, KMWF-KocomHanse TU
10. KIM Sook-hee (f), Director, Education Dept. KMWF-KocomHanse TU
11. KIM Jong-hyun, President, KMWF-Hanyoung Industry TU
12. KIM Sang-ryul, General Secretary, KMWF-Hanyoung Industry TU
13. KIM Hee-dae, Director, Organising Dept. KMWF-Hanyoung Industry TU
14. KIM Kwang-ho, Member, KMWF-Hanyoung Industry TU
15. SOHN Nak-koo, President, KMWF-Koryo Machinery TU
16. NAM Tak-kyu, Director, Industrial Action Dept., KMWF-Kia Motors TU
17. BYUN Hee-won, Member, KMWF-Kia Motors TU
18. YOON Young-kyu, Member, KMWF-Kia Motors TU
19. KIM Hyung-ryul, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
20. KIM Hyung-joon, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
21. RYU Ki-joon, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
22. KIM Dong-kyu, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
23. KOO Ja-young, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
24. LEE Byung-nam, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
25. LEE Dong-hee, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
26. KIM Seong-su, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
27. JI Jin-seung, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
28. RAH Seong-hoon, Member, KMWF-Hyundai Motors TU
29. SUH Hae-cheol, First Vice-President, KMWF-Incheon Iron and Steel TU
30. AHN Yeun-kook, Member, KMWF-Mando Machinery TU
31. YUH Kyu-yeup, Chairperson, KFPSU-KTTU Daegu Regional
32. KIM Shi-hwan, Director, Organising Dept. KFPSU-KTTU
33. SHIN Kyu-shik, Director, Organising Dept. KFPSU-KTTU Seoul Regional
34. SHIN Myong-hee, Chairperson, KFPSU-KTTU 114 Service Division
35. AHN Sang-ha, President, KFTCU-Taekwang Daehan Chemical Textile TU
36. SHIN Yong-joon, Director, Policy Dept. KFTCU-Taekwang Daehan CT TU
37. SONG Kyo-soon, General Secretary, KFTCU-Taekwang Daehan CT TU
38. PARK Soo-gurl, Director, Gen. Affairs, KFTCU-Taekwang Daehan CT TU
39. URM Joon-seup, Director, Organising Dept. KFTCU-Taekwang
Daehan CT TU
40. CHOI Sang-berm, Director, Education Dept. KFTCU-Taekwang
Daehan CT TU
41. LEE Jang-hwan, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
42. KIM Min-ho, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
43. HUH Min, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
44. CHO Yong-won, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
45. LEE Do-seuk, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
46. KIM Hyun-ju, Member, KOFU-Donghwa Bank TU
47. CHO Soo-hee, Chairperson, KFCU-LG Chemical Cheongju Regional
48. JOO Myong-kook, Director, Organising Dept. KFCU-LC Chemical
Cheongju Regional
49. KIM Tae-jin, President, KFSRLU-Pusan Urban Transit TU
50. KIM Koo-shik, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan Urban Transit TU
Station Division
51. OH Young-han, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan Urban Transit TU
Technology Div.
52. PARK Se-hyun, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan Urban Transit TU
Drivers Division
53. JEUNG Jae-hoon, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan Urban Transit TU
Maintenance Div.
54. JEUNG Cheol, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan UT TU Nopo Station Branch
55. PARK Yang-soo, Secretary, KFSRLU-Pusan UT TU
Shinpyung Station Branch
56. PARK Hyun-woo, Director, Education Dept. Pusan UT TU
Station Division
57. AHN Sam-ryul, Delegate (shopsteward)
KCTU Leaders Wanted for Arrest (Warrants of Arrest Issued)
or Indicted without Detention
YOO Deuk-sang, First Vice-President, KCTU
DAN Byung-ho, Vice President, KCTU (President, KMWF)
KIM Ho-seun, President, KFPSU (President KTTU)
HONG Yuh-pyo, Chairperson, KCTU Masan-Changwon Regional Council
KIM Kwang-shik, President, KMWF-Hyundai Motors Workers Union
CHO Cheol-woo, President, KMWF-Tongil Heavy Industry Workers Union
LEE Kyung-soo, President, KMWF-Daelim Motors Workers Union
CHOI Jong-ho, President, KMWF-Hyundai Precision Industry Workers Union
KOO Choong-il, President, KFPSU-Korea Mint Corp. Workers Union
CHO Hee-mahn, President, KFPSU-Nat'l. Council of Regional Medical
Insurance Co-op TU
PARK Bok-kwan, President, KFCTU-Hyundai Heavy Equipment Workers Union
PARK Pyo-kyun, Exec. Director, Organising Dept. KCTU
Cheung Seonghee, Exec. Director, Solidarity Outreach Dept. KCTU
All together, more than 200 KCTU trade unionists and leaders have been
either served with warrants of arrest or charged without detention.
Abbreviations
KCTU: Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
KMWF: Korean Metal Workers Federation
KFPSU: Korean Federation of Public Sector Unions
KTTU: Korea Telecom Trade Union
KFTCU: Korean Federation of Textile-Chemical Workers Unions
KOFU: Korean Federation of Financial Institute Trade Unions
KFCU: Korean Federation of Chemical Workers Unions
KFSRLU: Korean Federation of Subway and Railway Labour Unions
KFCTU: Korean Federation of Construction Trade Unions
Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
4th Fl. Samsun Bldg., 12-1 Samsun-Dong 1 Ga, Sungbuk-ku,
Seoul 136-041, Korea
Tel.: +82-2-765-7269 Fax: +82-2-765-2011
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